The position of a woman in the medieval household is very difficult to determine although there is no doubt that women were inferior members of the society throughout the Medieval Times. The Medieval world was dominated by men, constant warfare and struggles for the existence, while fertility was more often considered a curse than a […]
Knights Hospitaller
The Knights Hospitaller are also known as the Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem or the Knights of St John, as the Knights of Rhodes from 1309 to 1522 and as the Knights of Malta since 1530. According to some historians the origin of the Knights Hospitaller dates to about the middle […]
Knights Templar
The Knights Templar or the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon was the first military-religious order established in the Holy Land during the Crusades and served as a model to the Knights Hospitaller (although founded earlier) and to the Teutonic Knights. The Knights Templar were founded by a group of knights […]
Medieval Weapons, Armor, and Warfare
Incessant private warfare and numerous invasions which marked the period of the Middle Ages required well organized military forces for both defensive and offensive purposes. Military campaigns which usually lasted for several months from spring to autumn had to participate all free men. However, equipment for the army which based on heavy chivalry was very […]
Medieval Shields and Heraldry
The shield was very important piece of defensive armor of medieval knights before the advent of plate armor. It was used as a protective weapon and often intercepted attacks of bows and arrows, swords and even blows. Shield was worn on the arm or shoulder and held in hand during hand-to-hand combat. The form and […]
Medieval Helmets
Helmets which were an important component of military equipment already in the Bronze Age went through some modifications in the Medieval Times. The knights wore the mail armor until the 14th century, while the head was usually covered with mail hood over which was worn a separate helmet – either the Spangenhelm or Ridge Helmet. […]
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340 – 1399)
John of Gaunt was the fourth son of Edward III of England and one of the most influential nobles in England. He became the 1st Duke of Lancaster through marriage with Blanche, heiress of Lancaster in 1362. After Blanche’s death in 1371 he married Constance, daughter of Peter the Cruel and claimed the Castilian throne […]
Edward, the Black Prince (1330 – 1376)
Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales commonly known as Edward, the Black Prince probably for his black armor he wore at the Battle of Crecy in 1346 when the English were victorious over much larger French army. Edward, the Black Prince also led other military campaigns in France including the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 […]
Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – 1265)
Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester was the youngest son of Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester. In 1229 he made an arrangement with his two surviving brothers and gave up his rights in France in return for cession of their rights in England. Thus Simon de Montfort started competing for the English […]
Hundred Years’ War (1337 – 1453)
The Hundred Years’ War was fought between France and England with several intermissions from 1337 to 1453. Tensions between both countries arose already at the end of the 13th century when Philip IV of France tried to establish his influence over at the time English Duchy of Aquitaine and supported Scotland against England. The French […]
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