Pope Innocent IV called for the Seventh Crusade one year after the fall of Jerusalem in 1244. Pope’s call was responded only by Louis IX of France who was ill at the time the news of the fall of Jerusalem have reached Europe. Louis made a vow that he will personally led the Crusade if […]
Sixth Crusade (1228 – 1229)
The Sixth Crusade was launched by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor without a papal blessing and without any religious motives. Frederick was even excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX in 1227 for his reluctance to go to the Crusade. Frederic II organized and led his troops to Acre in September 1228 but the Christian nobility in […]
Fifth Crusade (1217 – 1221)
Despite the tragic outcome of the Children’s Crusade Pope Innocent III called for the Fifth Crusade already on Fourth Lateran Council in 1215. He died one year later when started first preparations for the Crusade but his successor Pope Honorius III continued the crusade movement to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims. Honorius III […]
Children’s Crusade (1212)
After the Fourth Crusade which ended without even reaching the Holy Land arose the believe that God prevented the Crusaders to free the Holy Land because of their impurity and impiety and that a Crusade of the innocent children would succeed to free the Holy Land from the Muslims. It is difficult to determine what […]
Fourth Crusade (1202 – 1204)
The Fourth Crusade was launched after a call of Pope Innocent III in 1198 but there was little interest in Europe for another Crusade against the Muslims after the Third Crusade. The Crusader army was gathered by Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat in northern France in 1199 but his forces were in first place motivated […]
Third Crusade (1189 – 1192)
The situation in the Holy Land changed dramatically three decades after the Second Crusade. The Muslims joined their forces under Sultan Saladin against the Crusader States and recaptured Jerusalem in 1187. The news of the Fall of Jerusalem resulted in a major shock throughout Europe but also renewed the interest for Crusade. The call for […]
Second Crusade (1147 – 1149)
The conquest of County of Edessa by the Seljuk Zengi, governor of Mosul in 1144 did not particularly upset other Crusader States in the Holy Land but when the news of the fall of Edessa reached Europe the interest for the Crusades was renewed, especially among clergy. Pope Eugene III commissioned St. Bernard of Clairvaux […]
First Crusade (1096 – 1099)
The Western European princes and nobles finished their last military preparations at the same time when the People’s Crusade ended as a failure and departed on the First Crusade also known as the Prince’s Crusade. Some of the participants of the First Crusade were inspired by religious devotion, the others by lure of travel and […]
People’s Crusade (April 1096 – October 1096)
The People’s Crusade was an expedition which preceded the First Crusade and lasted from April to October 1096. Urban’s call to the Crusades took up many wandering preachers, notably Peter the Hermit and Walter Sans Avoir also known as Walter the Penniless. They mobilized an army by some estimations numbering from 60,000 to 100,000 of […]
The Crusades (1096 – 1291)
The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character fought from 1096 to 1291 by most of the Christian Europe against the Muslims in the Middle East. However, the Crusades were also launched against the pagan Slavs, Jews, Orthodox Christians, Albigenses, Hussites as well as against political enemies in Europe (such as […]
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