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Mary Queen of Scots Chronology & Timeline – 1542 to 1587

Miniature portrait of Mary, queen of Scots, c1575, by an unknown artist
1542

8 December; Mary Stuart is born at Linlithgow Palace
14 December; James V, King of Scots, Mary’s father, dies at 31

1543
Mary crowned Queen of Scots

1546
Cardinal Beaton is murdered; ascendancy of pro-French party

1547
January; King Henry VIII of England dies
March; King Francis I of France dies
10 September; battle of Pinkie; Scots defeated by English forces led by duke of Somerset; new French king, Henry II, sends troops and money to Scotland; Mary is betrothed to Henry II’s heir Francis, dauphin of France

1548
August; Mary sent to France

1550
Mary’s mother, Mary of Guise, visits her in France

1554
Mary of Guise is officially named Regent in Scotland

1558
Fifteen-year-old Mary marries the 14-year-old Francis, dauphin of France, in Paris
Queen Mary I of England dies and Elizabeth Tudor becomes Queen
Mary’s father-in-law quarters her arms with those of England, offending Elizabeth

1559
Death of King Henry II of France; Francis and Mary are crowned king and queen of France

1560
June; Mary of Guise passes away in Scotland
December; Mary’s husband, Francis, Mary’s husband, passes away

1561
Mary returns to Scotland

1562 Northern campaign and visit to Inverness; aged 19

1563 Mary visits Inveraray,Dunure Castle, Dumfries, and Peebles; aged 20

1564 Mary hunts near Blair Atholl, Tayside; aged 21

1565 Mary marries her 19-year-old cousin Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley; aged 22

1566 Mary’s Piedmontese secretary, David Riccio/Rizzio, is murdered; Mary’s only child born (James, later king of Scotland and England); aged 23

1567 Mary’s husband, Lord Darnley, murdered; Mary weds James Hepburn, the 30-year-old Earl of Bothwell; the Carberry Hill confrontation; Mary is imprisoned at Lochleven Castle; Mary’s one-year-old son James is crowned as James VI of Scotland; aged 24

1568 Mary escapes from Lochleven Castle; Battle of Langside, Glasgow; Mary flees to England; aged 25

1568-87 Mary is held captive in various English prisons; aged 25-44

1569 Elizabeth exonerates Mary from the charges made against her; aged 26

1578 Mary’s third husband, the Earl of Bothwell (age 41), dies in a prison in Denmark; aged 35

1580 Mary writes Essay on Adversity in prison; aged 37

1586 Mary is tried for conspiring to kill Elizabeth; aged 43

1587 on 8 February, Mary is executed in the Great Hall of Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire

1603 Queen Elizabeth I dies in March & Mary’s only child, James VI of Scotland, becomes James I of England. He is the first King of both Scotland and England. He moves his mother’s body to Westminster Abbey and has a grand monument built.

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