The following is a list of government policies & officials.
\nIt also includes religious legislation.<\/p>\n
When did Parliament meet during Mary’s reign?<\/strong> Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal<\/strong> Keepers of the Privy Seal<\/strong> Principal Secretaries<\/strong> Chief Justices of the King’s Bench<\/strong> Chief Justices of Common Pleas<\/strong> Lord Treasurers<\/strong> Chief Barons of the Court of Exchequer<\/strong> Masters of the Rolls – Court of Chancery<\/strong> Compare the religious acts of January – July 1553 to those passed after Mary became queen<\/a>. One can imagine the confusion caused by such rapid shifts in ideology.<\/p>\n 1553<\/strong> 1554<\/strong> 1555<\/strong>
\n5 October 1553 to 5 December 1553
\n2 April 1554 to 5 May 1554
\n12 November 1554 to 16 January 1555
\n21 October 1555 to 9 December 1555
\n20 January 1558 to 17 November 1558
\nWho were the Speakers of the House of Commons?
\nSir John Pollard, M.P. for Oxfordshire – elected 5 October 1553
\nSir Robert Brooke, M.P. for the City of London – elected 2 April 1554
\nSir Clement Higham, M.P. for West Looe – elected 12 November 1554
\nSir John Pollard, M.P. for Chippenham – elected 21 October 1555
\nSir William Cordell, M.P. for Suffolk – elected 20 January 1558<\/p>\n
\nStephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester 1553-1555
\nNicholas Heath, Archbishop of York 1556-1558<\/p>\n
\nJohn Russell, 1st Lord Russell, created 1st earl of Bedford, 1550) 1542-1555
\nWilliam Paget 1555-1559<\/p>\n
\nSir John Cheke 1553
\nSir John Bourne 1553-1558<\/p>\n
\nThomas Bromley 1553
\nWilliam Portman 1555
\nEdward Saunders 1557<\/p>\n
\nRichard Morgan 1553
\nRobert Brooke 1554
\nAnthony Browne 1558<\/p>\n
\nWilliam Paulet, 1st earl of Wiltshire (1550) and 1st marquis of Winchester (1551)
\nheld office of Lord Treasurer from 1550 to 1572<\/p>\n
\nDavid Brook 1553
\nClement Heigham 1558<\/p>\n
\nSir Nicholas Hare 1553
\nSir William Cordell 1557<\/p>\nReligious Developments 1553-1558<\/h3>\n
\nJanuary – Sir Richard Cotton ordered to seize Church plate and vestments.
\n12 June – the Forty-Two Articles issued (includes the statement that Justification before God is by faith alone; also, good works play no part in salvation & there is no purgatory.)
\n19 July – Mary Tudor proclaimed queen of England.
\nImmediate & rapid religious changes ensue.
\nSeptember – Bishops Bale, Coverdale, Ponet, Scory & Barlow are deprived of their offices & eventually flee overseas.
\nBishops Gardiner and Bonner are released from prison and reinstated to former offices.
\nMary orders that Archbishop Cranmer be arrested. His fellow Protestant leaders – Latimer, Hooper & Ridley (and a score of others) are also arrested.
\nOctober – Parliament in session. It refuses to repeal the Act of Supremacy<\/a>, despite Mary’s insistence. They do pass an Actof Repeal which essentially voids the Edwardian reformation – and reinstates Mass, clerical celibacy & ritual worship.
\nDecember – Mary responds to Parliament’s refusal to repeal the Act of Supremacy & rejects the title of Supreme Head of the English Church.<\/p>\n
\nJanuary – prominent English Protestants flee to Germany and Switzerland, trying to avoid Marian prosecution of married\/non-celibate clergy.
\nMarch – Mary issues Royal Injunction – orders bishops to remove married clergy from office; suppress heresy; only ordain clergy who have been ordained under the English Ordinal; restore Holy Days and attendant ceremonies.
\nGardiner begins a methodical purge of married clergy. This practice eventually claims almost a quarter of parish clergy.
\nApril – Parliament meets again – and once more clash with Mary. They eventually agree to pass heresy laws – if there is no restoration of monastic lands. Mary reluctantly agrees to the condition.
\nNovember – Cardinal Reginald Pole (whose Plantagenet mother, Margaret<\/a>, was brutally murdered by Henry VIII<\/a>) returns to England and the sentence of excommunication is lifted from England.
\nAlso, Parliament meets again and passes a 2nd Act of Repeal which voids all religious legislation since 1529. In other words, the Henrician Reformation never occurred!<\/p>\n
\nJanuary – Mary begins the new year by appointing a commission to re-establish various religious houses.
\n4 February – The first Protestant martyr is publicly burned – John Rogers, translator of the Bible, is convicted under the new heresy laws.
\n16 October – Bishops Ridley and Latimer are burnt for heresy outside Balliol College, Oxford.
\n12 November – Stephen Gardiner, Mary’s Catholic adviser, dies.
\n13 November – Archbishop Cranmer<\/a> is officially deprived of the See of Canterbury.
\nDecember – Cardinal Reginald Pole is given Cranmer’s former position – named Archbishop of Canterbury.<\/p>\n