When Ireland and Scotland rebelled against the king in 1641, he was forced to recall Parliament. Parliament demanded the king surrender his royal power to Parliament. The scene was now set for a civil war when the king refused.<\/p>\n
There were three major battles in the Civil War of England<\/a>. These battles were Edge Hill<\/a> in 1642, the battle of Marston Moor in 1644 and the battle of Naseby<\/a> in 1645.<\/p>\n The first battle of the English Civil War was at Edge Hill. This battle resulted in neither side having a decisive victory. They both claimed to have won, but neither did. After a year of smaller battles in 1643, Oliver Cromwell created a new force which had an impact on the Civil War.<\/p>\n The second major battle of the English Civil War was the Battle of Marston Moor fought on July 2, 1644. The battle took place seven miles to the west of York. When Cromwell’s men attacked, there was a thunderstorm and scattered rain.<\/p>\n King Charles’s Royalist army suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Marston Moor. The Royalist army faced the armies of Parliament and the Scots combined that were impossible to defeat. The result of this battle was the king lost control of northern England.<\/p>\n This alliance created the Covenanter army. The Royalist army and the Parliamentarians had been fighting for two years.<\/p>\n The Covenanter army included the Parliamentarians and the Scottish. The Earl of Leven commanded the Covenanter army, and they began to move south into England. At about the same time, the Royalists commanded by the Marquess of Newcastle moved north. This was to prevent the Covenanter army from crossing the Tyne River. The Royalists were going north and the Covenanter army was going south. The Parliamentarians under the command of the Earl of Manchester advanced north. They planned to threaten the stronghold of York held by the Royalists. Newcastle and the Royalist army fell back in order to protect the city in late April<\/p>\n Leven was the commander-in-chief of the Allies. King Charles I sent his best general, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, to defend York. Hearing that Rupert was on his way with a force of 14,000, the Allied leaders abandoned the attack on the city. Instead they concentrated on Marston Moor to prevent Prince Rupert from reaching York. By crossing the River Ouse, Rupert was able to go around the flank of the Allies and arrive at York on July 1st.<\/p>\n Before this, the north of England seemed to side with Parliament and opposed the forced loans of the king. York was both a prosperous city and a major religious center. Because of this, controlling York was a big advantage. Rupert led the Royalist army into the city. The Parliamentarian army withdrew and headed in the direction of Tadcaster.<\/p>\n They caught up to the Parliamentarian army at the moor near Long Marston. At the beginning of the fight, Prince Rupert\u2019s Royalists were losing. This was because the Royalists had to fight on the moor and the Parliament army didn’t.<\/p>\n This was a serious advantage for Rupert and his army. Some of the army had arrived while others had not. Rupert’s army were outnumbered by 10,000 men. His 18,000 men faced 28,000 men of Parliament’s army. Since not all Rupert’s men weren’t there to fight, he was also unable to make any battle plans.<\/p>\n This was because the Royalist foot soldiers arrived in piecemeal. At that time, armies fought with their horse regiments on their flank.<\/p>\n The moor’s geography gave the Royalists a lot of protection. However, because the moor had many hedges and ditches, any attack could be very dangerous whether it was on horse or foot. The ditches provided defense for Rupert’s musketeers. His left flank was particularly defended by the ditches.<\/p>\n Lord Byron commanded the Royalist army’s left flank at Marston Moor. He left his position that was defended well by the ditches and ordered an attack on the Parliamentarians commanded by Oliver Cromwell<\/a>. This attack was not only a failure but it also made it possible for Cromwell to attack the left flank of the Royalists. However, Cromwell’s counter attack failed. Prince Rupert led the Royalist army to the left flank and forced Cromwell’s advance back.<\/p>\nThe Battle of Marston Moor<\/h2>\n
Events of The Battle of Marston Moor:<\/h3>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
![\"The](\"https:\/\/englishhistory.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/The-Battle-of-Marston-Moor.png\")
<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
\n
\n