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Matthew Arnold, preface to his edition of
Byron's Poems (1881)
***In spite of his prodigious vogue, Byron has never yet, perhaps, had the
serious admiration which he deserves.***Even of his passionate admirers, how
many never got beyond the theatrical Byron, from whom they caught the fashion of
deranging their hair, or of knotting their neck-handkerchief, or of leaving
their shirt-collar unbuttoned; how few profoundly felt his vital influence, the
influence of his splendid and imperishable excellence of sincerity and strength!
His own aristocratic class, whose cynical make-believe
drove him to fury; the great middle-class, on whose impregnable Philistinism he
shattered himself to pieces, - how little have either of these felt Byron's
vital influence! As the inevitable break-up of the old order comes, as the
English middle-class slowly awakens from its intellectual sleep of two
centuries, as our actual present world, to which this sleep has condemned us,
shows itself more clearly, - our world of an aristocracy materialised and null,
a middle-class purblind and hideous, a lower class crude and brutal, - we shall
turn our eyes again, and to more purpose, upon this passionate and dauntless
soldier of a forlorn hope, who, ignorant of the future and unconsoled by its
promises, nevertheless waged against the conservation of the old impossible
world so fiery battle; waged it till he fell, - waged it with such splendid and
imperishable excellence of sincerity and strength.
Wordsworth's value is of another kind. Wordsworth has an insight into
permanent sources of joy and consolation for mankind which Byron has not; his
poetry gives us more which we may rest upon than Byron's, - more which we can
rest upon now, and which men may rest upon always. I place Wordsworth's
poetry, therefore, above Byron's on the whole, although in some points he was
greatly Byron's inferior, and although Byron's poetry will always, probably,
find more readers than Wordsworth's, and will give pleasure more easily.
But these two, Wordsworth and Byron, stand, it seems to me, first and
pre-eminent in actual performance, a glorious pair, among the English poets of
this century. Keats had probably, indeed, a more consummate poetic gift
than either of them; but he died having produced too little and being as yet too
immature to rival them. I for my part can never even think of equaling
with them any other of their contemporaries; - either Coleridge, poet and
philosopher wrecked in a mist of opium; or Shelley, beautiful and ineffectual
angel, beating in the void his luminous wings in vain. Wordsworth and
Byron stand out by themselves. When the year 1900 is turned, and our
nation comes to recount her poetic glories in the century which has just then
ended, the first names with her will be these.
This famous and oft-quoted passage is also included in
Arnold's justly-celebrated Essays in Criticism, Second Series.
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